Social Price of Carbon for Latin American and Caribbean Countries

Economic valuation of carbon for climate action

Latin American and Caribbean countries measure the harm caused by carbon emissions

Client

United Nations – Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)

Schedule

2021-2024

The Problem

Governments across Latin America and the Caribbean are seeking to better understand the impact of carbon emissions so they can shape smarter policies and target investments more effectively. They asked SSG to adapt the social price of carbon, which puts a dollar value on the social and economic damage created by climate change, to local realities and priorities.

The Problem

How can Latin American and Caribbean governments assign a monetary value to the cost of each additional ton of CO₂, while accounting for their differing needs and policy priorities?

8

countries in the region involved in the project

2

countries in the region had an SCP before the study (Peru and Chile).

The Solution

SSG partnered with the United Nations – Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) and governments from eight Latin American and Caribbean countries to determine their Social Price of Carbon. These efforts mark a major milestone for most countries, since it is the first time carbon pricing has been integrated into social appraisals, and public investment offices are already training professionals in the use of this tool.

To ensure that the Social Price of Carbon reflected each country’s unique context and priorities, SSG supported countries in selecting one of three methods depending on data availability and political preferences.

Five countries – Nicaragua, the Dominican Republic, Peru, Paraguay, and Panama – chose to use a method that internalizes the real costs of emitting greenhouse gases. Two countries, Honduras and Costa Rica, applied an evidence-based methodology, while Chile adopted a target-based approach (known as MACC method).

The estimated social price of carbon ranges from US$ 7 per ton of CO2 in Nicaragua to US$ 72 in Chile, with the price reflecting different development levels, economic structures, and domestic political and social contexts.

The Outcome

Based on the models developed in partnership with SSG, countries across the region have calculated their Social Price of Carbon (SPC):

4

countries have formally published a SPC (Chile, Peru, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic)

$7-70

the range of SPC (USD$ per ton of CO2 equivalent) applied in the region.

Outcome

Key Takeaways

When countries own the process, they commit to the outcome

SSG supported each country in selecting the methodology they felt most comfortable with – an essential step for ensuring both ownership and long-term adoption of the resulting social price of carbon. For example, Honduras initially hesitated to adopt the evidence-based benchmark of US$ 40 per ton of CO₂. With SSG’s guidance, however, the government agreed on a phased approach, starting at US$ 10 /tCO₂ in 2024 and increasing by US$ 5 per year until reaching US$ 40.

Estimating a Social Price of Carbon potentially unlocks green funding

International banks are starting to require countries to include environmental indicators in their applications for low-interest loans. Already, two countries – Costa Rica and the Dominican Republic – have used their estimated social price of carbon to apply for green funding, specifically from the Green Climate Fund. Other countries in the region are expected to follow their lead as they look to harness green funding to develop low-carbon projects.

Capacity building transforms knowledge into green investment.

The project has now entered a key second phase, bringing in project developers and other key public sector actors. With the support of SSG, all eight countries have begun training officials in using the social price of carbon to evaluate projects, such as the electrification of public transport and clean energy generation.

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